https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52034 Wed 27 Sep 2023 10:00:21 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33573 Wed 21 Nov 2018 14:49:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35503 Wed 19 Aug 2020 11:21:51 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35500 Wed 15 Feb 2023 11:36:55 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37964 Wed 14 Jul 2021 08:29:30 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:14921 Wed 11 Apr 2018 12:55:30 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:15694 Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:06:55 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24667 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:03:03 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40633 Wed 10 Aug 2022 15:39:15 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40286 1) and lower for Pb and As (root BCFs <1). Substantial barriers for translocation from roots to stems were identified for all metal(loid)s (stem TFs; 0.07-0.68). Conversely, unrestricted flow from stems to leaves was observed for all metal(loid)s at unity or higher (leaf TFs = 1). Strong linear relationships between sediment and root for Zn and Pb were observed, indicating roots as a useful bioindicator.]]> Wed 07 Jun 2023 11:49:24 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45295 Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:59:16 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24883 Wed 04 Sep 2019 10:24:15 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39208 1). Further, there is significant translocation from roots to shoot for Cu, Zn and Cd (≤ 1), however, Pb is less mobile (TF = 0.65). Patterns of accumulation were similar among families, except greater Cd accumulation to roots in members of Juncaceae. Patterns of uptake to roots and translocation to leaves were broadly similar among plant type, plant form, habitat and photosynthetic mode. Zinc is lower in the leaves of salt-secreting species for some closely related taxa, suggesting some species co-excrete sodium (Na⁺) and Zn²⁺ through glands in leaf tissue. Salinity tolerance has no relationship to metal uptake and translocation. Translocation of Zn is greater at lower Zn sediment exposures, reflecting its active uptake and essentiality, but such bias does not affect outcomes of analyses when included as a covariate.]]> Wed 03 May 2023 14:02:01 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47630 Acridotheres tristis). Methods: We used a reduced genome representation method (DArTseq) to generate thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism markers in 462 common mynas. We then applied population genomic techniques to identify the common myna's population attributes such as gene flow, genetic diversity, and effective dispersal, all of which are critical for understanding geographical range expansion of pest species. Results: We found significant genetic structuring across the common myna's Australian distribution, indicating limited levels of effective dispersal amongst the populations founded from historic introductions in the 19th century. The historic introduction points were found to be genetically distinct, such that in the region on the invasion front where admixture did occur, myna populations exhibited higher genetic diversity than in the source populations. Significant isolation by distance was evident amongst populations derived from the same founding population, with genetic diversity decreasing moving away from the point of colonization, and in general, higher levels of gene flow from source to front than vice versa. Main conclusions: This study indicates that despite a 150-year colonization history of mynas in Australia, contemporary genetic structure still largely reflects human-mediated dispersal. However, expanding populations are now connecting and the consequent increased genetic diversity may improve evolutionary potential. These results suggest that more management focus should be directed towards the invasion fronts, rather than the large, historic source populations.]]> Tue 24 Jan 2023 14:16:33 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38871 Tue 22 Feb 2022 15:47:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24012 Tue 13 Jul 2021 16:51:31 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33892 Tue 13 Jul 2021 14:52:44 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33192 Acridotheres tristis, using a standard visual discrimination task followed by a reversal learning phase. We also examined how quickly each bird progressed through different stages of learning, including sampling and acquisition within both initial and reversal learning, and persistence following reversal. Based on their reliance on very different food resources, we expected urban mynas to learn and reversal learn more quickly but to sample new contingencies for proportionately longer before learning them. When quantified from first presentation to criterion achievement, urban mynas took more 20-trial blocks to learn the initial discrimination, as well as the reversed contingency, than rural mynas. More detailed analyses at the level of stage revealed that this was because urban mynas explored the novel cue-outcome contingencies for longer, and despite transitioning faster through subsequent acquisition, remained overall slower than rural females. Our findings draw attention to fine adjustments in learning strategies in response to urbanization and caution against interpreting the speed to learn a task as a reflection of cognitive ability.]]> Tue 11 Sep 2018 15:37:59 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33193 Manorina melanocephala, a widespread native honeyeater of the East coast of Australia, lands on a coffee table and with a seemingly surprising degree of know-how opens a paper sugar packet and begins feeding on the sugar. A Galapagos mockingbird, Nesomimus parvulus, pecks food from a sea lion's mouth. A herring gull (Larus argentatus) catches a small rabbit and. drops it on a rock, killing it in the process. A Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) lowers its body, tail first, into a mound, soaks up the water with its tail and then sucks it from the tuft. All these behaviours share the common property that they were deemed to be, by those authors responsible for their descriptions, novel/rare/never seen before in that species. The occurrence of actions that deviate from species-typical behavioural repertoires raises a series of fascinating questions. What are the origins of such novel behavioural patterns? Were these apparently extraordinary behaviours invented by those expressing them or were they inspired from watching the behaviour of others? What are the individual characteristics of those that invent novel behaviours? Are they particularly clever or do they display some other inherent, repeatable, property that makes them intrinsically more likely to perform novel actions? Are there environmental conditions that make individuals more likely to express novel behaviours? Do species differ in their propensity to display novel behaviours and if so, why? These are questions scientists have been tackling for nearly two decades.]]> Tue 11 Sep 2018 15:37:59 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33180 Tue 11 Sep 2018 12:16:02 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55624 Tue 11 Jun 2024 16:02:45 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50242 Tue 11 Jul 2023 11:28:09 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50032 Thu 29 Jun 2023 13:42:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47274 Thu 23 Mar 2023 14:01:02 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38252 Thu 19 Aug 2021 11:04:32 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44419 Thu 13 Oct 2022 09:51:45 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49318 Thu 11 May 2023 14:53:07 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55115 Thu 11 Apr 2024 08:19:26 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52207 Thu 05 Oct 2023 10:16:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7456 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:38:51 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7543 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:37:43 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9719 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:34:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12363 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:18:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20395 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:08 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20636 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:5260 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:46:35 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29880 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27209 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27210 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27211 Acridotheres tristis, has been linked to its ability to occupy opportunistically an ecological niche that most natives cannot, whereas the native noisy miner, Manorina melanocephala, owes its success to its ability to aggressively outcompete other avian species. Indian mynas were significantly more neophobic than noisy miners. Yet, when tested on a range of innovative foraging tasks, Indian mynas consistently outperformed noisy miners. The ability to use the beak in a greater range of ways, and more flexibly, was highly repeatable in Indian mynas, and underpinned their superior problem-solving performance. We discuss the results in the light of potential methodological influences, but also the idea that necessity may facilitate innovation not only in less competitive individuals, as is documented in the literature, but also in species with less competitive lifestyles.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27212 Acridotheres tristis, to innovate when alone, in pairs, or in groups of five birds. Although innovators remained consistent in their relative innovation performance ranking (high, medium, low), the presence of one or more conspecifics reduced the likelihood of innovating, and increased innovation latencies, significantly relative to when individuals were tested alone. A neophobia test in which latency to forage was compared in both the absence and the presence of a novel object, in each of two social contexts (solitary versus social), showed that the presence of conspecifics caused mynahs to forage significantly faster in a safe situation (object absent) relative to when alone, but to delay foraging in a risky situation (object present). Together, these findings suggest that sociality can have contrasting effects on foraging in safe and risky situations, and, in some species at least, effects of sociality on innovative foraging may hence be more akin to those observed in the presence of risk. Negotiation over engaging with risks inherent to innovative foraging offered the most likely explanation for socially inhibited innovation behaviour, and may act to constrain the diffusion of innovations under some conditions.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29581 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29582 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29189 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:38 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27814 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:11 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25700 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:28:20 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26629 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:49 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:4893 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:22:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38312 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:01:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42509 Acridotheres tristis) and measured eye patch coloration as a function of the food combinations individuals selected. Mynas had access to either water or carotenoid-supplemented water and could either eat a standard captive diet or choose freely between three nutritionally defined pellets (protein, lipid or carbohydrate). Mynas supplemented with both carotenoids and macronutrient pellets had higher color scores than control birds. Male coloration tended to respond more to nutritional manipulation than females, with color scores improving in macronutrient-and carotenoid-supplemented individuals compared with controls. All mynas consuming carotenoids had higher levels of plasma carotenoids, but only males showed a significant increase by the end of the experiment. Dietary carotenoids and macronutrient intake consumed in combination tended to increase plasma carotenoid concentrations the most. These results demonstrate for the first time that consuming specific combinations of macronutrients along with carotenoids contributes to optimizing a colorful signal, and point to sex-specific nutritional strategies. Our findings improve our knowledge of how diet choices affect signal expression and, by extension, how nutritionally impoverished diets, such as those consumed by birds in cities, might affect sexual selection processes and, ultimately, population dynamics.]]> Mon 28 Nov 2022 15:02:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48231 Mon 08 May 2023 10:21:10 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45512 Mon 07 Nov 2022 11:08:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51913 Fri 22 Sep 2023 10:39:52 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40450 Acridotheres tristis) in Australia, one of the most broadly distributed invasive birds globally. We radio-tracked mynas from invasion-front sites versus long-established sites in New South Wales. We quantified activity using frequent movements in familiar areas and exploration using infrequent long-distance excursive movements, while also accounting for environmental variation. We discovered that mean daily distance travelled was larger in invasion-front than in invasion-source mynas, suggesting front mynas were more active. Invasion front mynas had significantly larger exploratory home ranges, moved greater maximum daily distances, and changed roost more frequently, suggesting front mynas were also more exploratory; the results were maintained when climate was included as a covariate. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show enhanced exploration and activity in free-ranging invasion-front birds. Inter-individual variation in movement-relevant behaviors might be facilitating the ongoing Australian myna range expansion, although habitat effects cannot be fully excluded. These findings point to the potential importance of considering changes in behavior when modelling alien animal invasions and applied conservation actions.]]> Fri 22 Jul 2022 14:44:28 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40189 Acridotheres tristis. Here, we aimed to test the extent to which shared functional traits inform the intensity of aggression between cavity-nesting birds. We quantified the outcomes of aggressive interactions between birds in large hollow-bearing trees in SE Queensland, Australia. We examined whether more similarly sized birds interacted more frequently, whether larger species won aggressive interactions more often, and whether cavity-breeding species with similar preferences for nesting sites (breeding-niche space) interacted more frequently. We recorded a total of 410 aggressive interactions and 48 interacting bird species around tree hollows, including 20 cavity-nesting bird species. These interactions were dominated by the invasive common myna, the native noisy miner (a non-cavity-breeder) and the native rainbow lorikeet Trichoglossus moluccanus, but the common myna won the largest total number of interspecific interactions. On average, larger birds won aggressive interactions more frequently, yet there were some important exceptions to this finding; the common myna (113 ± 30 g) won 26 of the 29 interactions against the larger native rainbow lorikeet (126 ± 44 g). Importantly, species with more similar nest-site preferences were observed aggressively interacting more frequently. Synthesis and applications. The impact of the invasive common myna was higher-site preferences. Control efforts for the myna should focus on birds that nest in natural tree hollows. An analysis of shared traits by managers could be used to help identify how many local species would benefit from common myna control in a given area and test if further behavioural studies of common myna are warranted.]]> Fri 22 Jul 2022 14:02:27 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33271 Apis cerana F., the Asian honey bee, is far less known than that of its sister species Apis mellifera L. The arrival of A. cerana in North Queensland has prompted the need to better understand the ecology and biology of this species in an invasive context. We evaluated the colour, shape and spontaneous landing preferences of free flying A. cerana using artificial shape of equal surface. A. cerana displayed a stable and marked preference toward yellow regardless of the season (wet or dry). However, for other colours, different preference patterns were observed depending on the season suggesting a learned preference. Bees had a strong preference for star shaped U.V. nectar guides regardless of the season. Conversely to A. mellifera, A. cerana appeared to minimise the perimeter surface ratio in its landing choice choosing circular over jagged surfaces. However, when tested using polygons and circle of same area and thus very similar perimeters the choice pattern showed no minimisation of perimeter/surface ratio. Surprisingly, bees had a clear preference towards odd number apex shapes and 3/4 of landings occurring on the heptagon, despite the rarity of such 7-lobed flowers in nature.]]> Fri 21 Sep 2018 14:37:17 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53865 Fri 19 Jan 2024 12:32:01 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48461 Fri 17 Mar 2023 12:07:42 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47254 Fri 16 Dec 2022 14:49:21 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46141 Acridotheres tristis, one of the most widespread invasive birds in Australia and invasive to many other parts of the world, are learning to respond to anthropogenic predation. We analyzed behavior at an experimental food patch provisioned by 2 distinctly clothed persons both before and after mynas had observed one of the 2 persons seemingly capture conspecifics inside a trap placed at the food patch. After the demonstration, mynas landed in smaller numbers at the food patch and took longer to land. Further, mynas alarm called more when provisioned by the person who had been involved in trapping. Future work will determine whether narrow generalization gradients are a consistent feature of synanthropic species or whether they broaden as a function of human predation threat level as is predicted by the Predator Recognition Continuum Hypothesis. Practical implications for control are discussed.]]> Fri 11 Nov 2022 17:28:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35553 Calyptorhynchus banksii), an Australian relative of the Goffin cockatoo (Cacatua goffini), using a food-finding task. Cockatoos were required to find a food item hidden in 1 of the 2 experimenter's hands. Following training sessions in which they reliably selected the closed baited hand they had just been shown open, each individual was tested on 4 different conditions. Critical to demonstrating exclusion reasoning was the condition in which they were shown the empty hand and then offered a choice of both closed hands. The performance of all birds was above chance on all experimental conditions but not on an olfactory and/or cuing control condition. The results suggest that the birds might be able to infer by exclusion, although an explanation based on rule learning cannot be excluded. This first experiment in red-tailed black cockatoo highlights the potential of this species as a model to study avian cognition and paves the pathway for future investigations.]]> Fri 03 Apr 2020 17:13:32 AEDT ]]>